The aim was to assess the pollens carried by wild bees hunted in three types of semi-naturel habitats :permanent grasslands,forest edges and hedgerows. The bees were netted in each of these habitats,in 30 landscapes selected according to a gradient of % woodland. Pollen grains were collected on female bee’s body with a fine tweezer and a moistened brush and were deposited directly into a droplet of water placed on a microscope slide. Pollen grains from each individual bee were observed under a x400 optical microscope and identified to genera or species level based on the pollen reference collection of the INRAe du Magneraud.

The aim was to assess the difference in plant communities in three types of wooded and herbaceous habitats (permanent grassland,hedgerow and forest edge). Plants were surveyed in each of these habitats,in 30 landscapes selected according to a gradient of % of woodland. Botanical surveys were conducted in May and June 2016 in forest edges and hedgerows,and in April and May 2015 and May and June 2016 in permanent grasslands. The surveys comprised abundance-dominance records of all vascular plant species according to the Braun-Blanquet scale in three vegetation layers (herbaceous:0–1 m,shrubs:1–3 m and trees:> 3 m). Data were collected along a 25-m transect on each side of the hedgerows,on a 50-m transect along the forest edges,and wandering freely in grasslands.